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US-WCr: Willow Creek

Tower_team:
PI: Ankur Desai [email protected] - University of Wisconsin
FluxContact: Jonathan Thom [email protected] - University of Wisconsin
Lat, Long: 45.8059, -90.0799
Elevation(m): 520.00
Network Affiliations: AmeriFlux, Phenocam
Vegetation IGBP: DBF (Deciduous Broadleaf Forests: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Consists of broadleaf tree communities with an annual cycle of leaf-on and leaf-off periods.)
Climate Koeppen: Dfb (Warm Summer Continental: significant precipitation in all seasons )
Mean Annual Temp (°C): 4.02
Mean Annual Precip. (mm): 787
Years Data Collected: 1999 - Present
Years Data Available:

FLUXNET2015 1999 - 2014   Data Citation
Description:
Upland decduous broadleaf forest. Mainly sugar maple, also basswood. Uniform stand atop a very modest hill. Clearcut approximately 80 years ago. Chosen ...
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URL: http://flux.aos.wisc.edu/twiki/bin/view/Main/ChEASData
Research Topics:
The research and science objectives of the Willow Creek site are as follows: 1) Continuously measure the turbulent fluxes of carbon, water vapor, and temperature ...
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Acknowledgment: —

US-WCr: Willow Creek

Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.

DOI(s) for citing US-WCr data

Data Use Policy:

This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive Tier 2 policy.
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Publication(s) for citing site characterization

  • Baker, I., Denning, A. S., Hanan, N., Prihodko, L., Uliasz, M., Vidale, P., Davis, K., Bakwin, P. (2003) Simulated And Observed Fluxes Of Sensible And Latent Heat And CO2 At The WLEF-TV Tower Using SiB2.5, Global Change Biology, 9(9), 1262-1277. https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-2486.2003.00671.X
  • Bakwin, P. S., Davis, K. J., Yi, C., Wofsy, S. C., Munger, J. W., Haszpra, L., Barcza, Z. (2004) Regional Carbon Dioxide Fluxes From Mixing Ratio Data, Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 56(4), 301-311. https://doi.org/10.3402/TELLUSB.V56I4.16446
  • Baldocchi, D., Penuelas, J. (2018) The Physics And Ecology Of Mining Carbon Dioxide From The Atmosphere By Ecosystems, Global Change Biology, 120(4), 600-616. https://doi.org/10.1111/GCB.14559
  • Barr, A., Richardson, A., Hollinger, D., Papale, D., Arain, M., Black, T., Bohrer, G., Dragoni, D., Fischer, M., Gu, L., Law, B., Margolis, H., McCaughey, J., Munger, J., Oechel, W., Schaeffer, K. (2013) Use Of Change-Point Detection For Friction–Velocity Threshold Evaluation In Eddy-Covariance Studies, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 171-172(7458), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2012.11.023
  • Besnard, S., Carvalhais, N., Arain, M. A., Black, A., de Bruin, S., Buchmann, N., Cescatti, A., Chen, J., Clevers, J. G., Desai, A. R., Gough, C. M., Havrankova, K., Herold, M., Hörtnagl, L., Jung, M., Knohl, A., Kruijt, B., Krupkova, L., Law, B. E., Lindroth, A., Noormets, A., Roupsard, O., Steinbrecher, R., Varlagin, A., Vincke, C., Reichstein, M. (2018) Quantifying The Effect Of Forest Age In Annual Net Forest Carbon Balance, Environmental Research Letters, 13(12), 124018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/AAEAEB
  • Bolstad, P. V., Davis, K. J., Martin, J., Cook, B. D., Wang, W. (2004) Component And Whole-System Respiration Fluxes In Northern Deciduous Forests, Tree Physiology, 24(5), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/24.5.493
  • Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302(6), 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2021.108350
  • Cook, B. D., Davis, K. J., Wang, W., Desai, A., Berger, B. W., Teclaw, R. M., Martin, J. G., Bolstad, P. V., Bakwin, P. S., Yi, C., Heilman, W. (2004) Carbon Exchange And Venting Anomalies In An Upland Deciduous Forest In Northern Wisconsin, USA, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 126(3-4), 271-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2004.06.008
  • Curtis, P. S., Hanson, P. J., Bolstad, P., Barford, C., Randolph, J., Schmid, H., Wilson, K. B. (2002) Biometric And Eddy-Covariance Based Estimates Of Annual Carbon Storage In Five Eastern North American Deciduous Forests, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 113(1-4), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00099-0
  • Davis, K. J., Bakwin, P. S., Yi, C., Berger, B. W., Zhao, C., Teclaw, R. M., Isebrands, J. G. (2003) The Annual Cycles Of CO2 And H2O Exchange Over A Northern Mixed Forest As Observed From A Very Tall Tower, Global Change Biology, 9(9), 1278-1293. https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-2486.2003.00672.X
  • Desai, A. R., Bolstad, P. V., Cook, B. D., Davis, K. J., Carey, E. V. (2005) Comparing Net Ecosystem Exchange Of Carbon Dioxide Between An Old-Growth And Mature Forest In The Upper Midwest, Usa, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 128(1-2), 33-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2004.09.005
  • Desai, A. R., Noormets, A., Bolstad, P. V., Chen, J., Cook, B. D., Davis, K. J., Euskirchen, E. S., Gough, C., Martin, J. G., Ricciuto, D. M., Schmid, H. P., Tang, J., Wang, W. (2008) Influence Of Vegetation And Seasonal Forcing On Carbon Dioxide Fluxes Across The Upper Midwest, Usa: Implications For Regional Scaling, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 148(2), 288-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2007.08.001
  • Desai, A.R. (2010) Climatic And Phenological Controls On Coherent Regional Interannual Variability Of Carbon Dioxide Flux In A Heterogeneous Landscape, Journal Of Geophysical Research, 115(G00J02), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JG001423
  • Helliker, B. R., Song, X., Goulden, M. L., Clark, K., Bolstad, P., Munger, J. W., Chen, J., Noormets, A., Hollinger, D., Wofsy, S., Martin, T., Baldocchi, D., Euskirchenn, E., Desai, A., Burns, S. P. (2018) Assessing The Interplay Between Canopy Energy Balance And Photosynthesis With Cellulose δ18o: Large-Scale Patterns And Independent Ground-Truthing, Oecologia, 120(4), 600-616. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00442-018-4198-Z
  • Helliker, B. R., Song, X., Goulden, M. L., Clark, K., Bolstad, P., Munger, J. W., Chen, J., Noormets, A., Hollinger, D., Wofsy, S., Martin, T., Baldocchi, D., Euskirchenn, E., Desai, A., Burns, S. P. (2018) Assessing The Interplay Between Canopy Energy Balance And Photosynthesis With Cellulose δ18o: Large-Scale Patterns And Independent Ground-Truthing, Oecologia, 187(4), 995-1007. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00442-018-4198-Z
  • Hibbard, K. A., Law, B. E., Reichstein, M., Sulzman, J. (2005) An Analysis Of Soil Respiration Across Northern Hemisphere Temperate Ecosystems, Biogeochemistry, 73(1), 29-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10533-004-2946-0
  • Keenan, T. F., Hollinger, D. Y., Bohrer, G., Dragoni, D., Munger, J. W., Schmid, H. P., Richardson, A. D. (2013) Increase In Forest Water-Use Efficiency As Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Rise, Nature, 499(7458), 324-327. https://doi.org/10.1038/NATURE12291
  • Martin, J. G., Bolstad, P. V. (2005) Annual Soil Respiration In Broadleaf Forests Of Northern Wisconsin: Influence Of Moisture And Site Biological, Chemical, And Physical Characteristics, Biogeochemistry, 73(1), 149-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10533-004-5166-8
  • Matheny, A. M., Bohrer, G., Stoy, P. C., Baker, I. T., Black, A. T., Desai, A. R., Dietze, M. C., Gough, C. M., Ivanov, V. Y., Jassal, R. S., Novick, K. A., Schäfer, K. V., Verbeeck, H. (2014) Characterizing The Diurnal Patterns of Errors in The Prediction of Evapotranspiration by Several Land-Surface Models: An Nacp Analysis, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 119(7), 1458-1473. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002623
  • Novick, K. A., Ficklin, D. L., Stoy, P. C., Williams, C. A., Bohrer, G., Oishi, A., Papuga, S. A., Blanken, P. D., Noormets, A., Sulman, B. N., Scott, R. L., Wang, L., Phillips, R. P. (2016) The Increasing Importance Of Atmospheric Demand For Ecosystem Water And Carbon Fluxes, Nature Climate Change, 6(11), 1023-1027. https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE3114
  • Novick, K. A., Konings, A. G., Gentine, P. (2019) Beyond Soil Water Potential: An Expanded View On Isohydricity Including Land–Atmosphere Interactions And Phenology, Plant, Cell & Environment, 42(6), 1802-1815. https://doi.org/10.1111/PCE.13517
  • Phillips, C. L., McFarlane, K. J., LaFranchi, B., Desai, A. R., Miller, J. B., Lehman, S. J. (2015) Observations of 14CO2 In Ecosystem Respiration From A Temperate Deciduous Forest In Northern Wisconsin, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 120(4), 600-616. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002808
  • Phillips, C., McFarlane, K.J., Risk, D., Desai, A.R. (2013) Biological And Physical Influences On Soil 14CO2 Seasonal Dynamics In A Temperate Hardwood Forest, Biogeosciences, 10(12), 7999-8012. https://doi.org/10.5194/BG-10-7999-2013
  • Potter, B. E., Teclaw, R. M., Zasada, J. C. (2001) The Impact Of Forest Structure On Near-Ground Temperatures During Two Years Of Contrasting Temperature Extremes, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 106(4), 331-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(00)00220-3
  • Richardson, A. D., Anderson, R. S., Arain, M. A., Barr, A. G., Bohrer, G., Chen, G., Chen, J. M., Ciais, P., Davis, K. J., Desai, A. R., Dietze, M. C., Dragoni, D., Garrity, S. R., Gough, C. M., Grant, R., Hollinger, D. Y., Margolis, H. A., McCaughey, H., Migliavacca, M., Monson, R. K., Munger, J. W., Poulter, B., Raczka, B. M., Ricciuto, D. M., Sahoo, A. K., Schaefer, K., Tian, H., Vargas, R., Verbeeck, H., Xiao, J., Xue, Y. (2012) Terrestrial Biosphere Models Need Better Representation Of Vegetation Phenology: Results From The North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis, Global Change Biology, 18(2), 566-584. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2486.2011.02562.X
  • Scott Denning, A., Nicholls, M., Prihodko, L., Baker, I., Vidale, P., Davis, K., Bakwin, P. (2003) Simulated Variations In Atmospheric CO2 Over A Wisconsin Forest Using A Coupled Ecosystem-Atmosphere Model, Global Change Biology, 9(9), 1241-1250. https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-2486.2003.00613.X
  • Sullivan, R. C., Cook, D. R., Ghate, V. P., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Improved Spatiotemporal Representativeness And Bias Reduction Of Satellite-Based Evapotranspiration Retrievals Via Use Of In Situ Meteorology And Constrained Canopy Surface Resistance, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 124(2), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004744
  • Sullivan, R. C., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Recovering Evapotranspiration Trends From Biased CMIP5 Simulations And Sensitivity To Changing Climate Over North America, Journal Of Hydrometeorology, 20(8), 1619-1633. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-18-0259.1
  • Werner, C., Davis, K., Bakwin, P., Yi, C., Hurst, D., Lock, L. (2003) Regional-Scale Measurements Of CH4 Exchange From A Tall Tower Over A Mixed Temperate/Boreal Lowland And Wetland Forest, Global Change Biology, 9(9), 1251-1261. https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-2486.2003.00670.X
  • Whelan, M. E., Hilton, T. W., Berry, J. A., Berkelhammer, M., Desai, A. R., Campbell, J. E. (2016) Carbonyl Sulfide Exchange In Soils For Better Estimates Of Ecosystem Carbon Uptake, Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics, 16(6), 3711-3726. https://doi.org/10.5194/ACP-16-3711-2016
  • Xu, B., Arain, M. A., Black, T. A., Law, B. E., Pastorello, G. Z., Chu, H. (2020) Seasonal Variability Of Forest Sensitivity To Heat And Drought Stresses: A Synthesis Based On Carbon Fluxes From North American Forest Ecosystems, Global Change Biology, 26(2), 901-918. https://doi.org/10.1111/GCB.14843
  • Yi, C., Davis, K. J., Bakwin, P. S., Denning, A. S., Zhang, N., Desai, A., Lin, J. C., Gerbig, C. (2004) Observed Covariance Between Ecosystem Carbon Exchange And Atmospheric Boundary Layer Dynamics At A Site In Northern Wisconsin, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 109(D8), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD004164
  • Yi, C., Li, R., Bakwin, P. S., Desai, A., Ricciuto, D. M., Burns, S. P., Turnipseed, A. A., Wofsy, S. C., Munger, J. W., Wilson, K., Monson, R. K. (2004) A Nonparametric Method For Separating Photosynthesis And Respiration Components In CO2 Flux Measurements, Geophysical Research Letters, 31(17), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020490
  • Zhang, Q., Ficklin, D. L., Manzoni, S., Wang, L., Way, D., Phillips, R. P., Novick, K. A. (2019) Response Of Ecosystem Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency And Gross Primary Productivity To Rising Vapor Pressure Deficit, Environmental Research Letters, 14(7), 074023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/AB2603

Acknowledgments

    —

US-WCr: Willow Creek

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