US-Ton: Tonzi Ranch
Tower_team: | |
PI: | Dennis Baldocchi [email protected] - University of California, Berkeley |
DataManager: | Joe Verfaillie [email protected] - University of California, Berkeley |
Technician: | Daphne Szutu [email protected] - UC Berkeley |
Lat, Long: | 38.4309, -120.9660 |
Elevation(m): | 177 |
Network Affiliations: | AmeriFlux, Phenocam |
Vegetation IGBP: | WSA (Woody Savannas: Lands with herbaceous and other understory systems, and with forest canopy cover between 30-60%. The forest cover height exceeds 2 meters.) |
Climate Koeppen: | Csa (Mediterranean: mild with dry, hot summer) |
Mean Annual Temp (°C): | 15.8 |
Mean Annual Precip. (mm): | 559 |
Years Data Collected: | 2001 - Present |
Years Data Available: | FLUXNET2015 2001 - 2014 Data Citation |
Description: | |
URL: | http://nature.berkeley.edu/biometlab/sites.php?tab=US-Ton |
Research Topics: | |
Acknowledgment: | This research was supported by the US Department of Energy Terrestrial Carbon Program, grant No. DE-FG03-00ER63013 and DE-SC0005130 |
This research was supported in part by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG02-03ER63638 |
US-Ton: Tonzi Ranch
Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.
DOI(s) for citing US-Ton data
Data Use Policy:
- FLUXNET2015: CC-BY-4.0 License
This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive Tier 2 policy.
The Tier 2 Policy must be followed if US-Ton data are combined with data from sites that require the Tier 2 Policy.
- FLUXNET 2015: https://doi.org/10.18140/FLX/1440092
Publication(s) for citing site characterization
- Baldocchi, D. D., Ma, S., Rambal, S., Misson, L., Ourcival, J., Limousin, J., Pereira, J., Papale, D. (2010) On The Differential Advantages Of Evergreenness And Deciduousness In Mediterranean Oak Woodlands: A Flux Perspective, Ecological Applications, 20(6), 1583-1597. https://doi.org/10.1890/08-2047.1
- Baldocchi, D. D., Ryu, Y., Dechant, B., Eichelmann, E., Hemes, K., Ma, S., Sanchez, C. R., Shortt, R., Szutu, D., Valach, A., Verfaillie, J., Badgley, G., Zeng, Y., Berry, J. A. (2020) Outgoing Near‐Infrared Radiation From Vegetation Scales With Canopy Photosynthesis Across A Spectrum Of Function, Structure, Physiological Capacity, And Weather, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 125(7), 108204. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005534
- Baldocchi, D. D., Xu, L. (2007) What Limits Evaporation From Mediterranean Oak Woodlands – The Supply Of Moisture In The Soil, Physiological Control By Plants Or The Demand By The Atmosphere?, Advances In Water Resources, 30(10), 2113-2122. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ADVWATRES.2006.06.013
- Baldocchi, D. D., Xu, L., Kiang, N. (2004) How Plant Functional-Type, Weather, Seasonal Drought, And Soil Physical Properties Alter Water And Energy Fluxes Of An Oak–Grass Savanna And An Annual Grassland, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 123(1-2), 13-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2003.11.006
- Baldocchi, D., Chen, Q., Chen, X., Ma, S., Miller, G., Ryu, Y., Xiao, J., Wenk, R., Battles, J. (2010) The Dynamics Of Energy, Water, And Carbon Fluxes In A Blue Oak (Quercus Douglasii) Savanna In California, Ecosystem Function In Savannas, 132(3), 135-151. https://doi.org/10.1201/B10275-10
- Baldocchi, D., Ma, S., Verfaillie, J. (2021) On The Inter‐ And Intra‐Annual Variability Of Ecosystem Evapotranspiration And Water Use Efficiency Of An Oak Savanna And Annual Grassland Subjected To Booms And Busts In Rainfall, Global Change Biology, 27(2), 359-375. https://doi.org/10.1111/GCB.15414
- Baldocchi, D., Penuelas, J. (2018) The Physics And Ecology Of Mining Carbon Dioxide From The Atmosphere By Ecosystems, Global Change Biology, 45(3), 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1111/GCB.14559
- Barr, A., Richardson, A., Hollinger, D., Papale, D., Arain, M., Black, T., Bohrer, G., Dragoni, D., Fischer, M., Gu, L., Law, B., Margolis, H., McCaughey, J., Munger, J., Oechel, W., Schaeffer, K. (2013) Use Of Change-Point Detection For Friction–Velocity Threshold Evaluation In Eddy-Covariance Studies, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 171-172(7), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2012.11.023
- Braghiere, R. K., Quaife, T., Black, E., Ryu, Y., Chen, Q., De Kauwe, M. G., Baldocchi, D. (2020) Influence Of Sun Zenith Angle On Canopy Clumping And The Resulting Impacts On Photosynthesis, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 291(6), 108065. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2020.108065
- Chen, Q., Baldocchi, D., Gong, P., Dawson, T. (2008) Modeling Radiation And Photosynthesis Of A Heterogeneous Savanna Woodland Landscape With A Hierarchy Of Model Complexities, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 148(6-7), 1005-1020. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2008.01.020
- Chen, Q., Gong, P., Baldocchi, D., Tian, Y. Q. (2007) Estimating Basal Area And Stem Volume For Individual Trees From Lidar Data, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 73(12), 1355-1365. https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.73.12.1355
- Chen, Q., Gong, P., Baldocchi, D., Xie, G. (2007) Filtering Airborne Laser Scanning Data With Morphological Methods, Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, 73(2), 175-185. https://doi.org/10.14358/PERS.73.2.175
- Chen, X., Rubin, Y., Ma, S., Baldocchi, D. (2008) Observations And Stochastic Modeling Of Soil Moisture Control On Evapotranspiration In A Californian Oak Savanna, Water Resources Research, 44(8), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006646
- Chu, H., Baldocchi, D. D., Poindexter, C., Abraha, M., Desai, A. R., Bohrer, G., Arain, M. A., Griffis, T., Blanken, P. D., O'Halloran, T. L., Thomas, R. Q., Zhang, Q., Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Christian, D., Brown, S., Black, T. A., Gough, C. M., Law, B. E., Lee, X., Chen, J., Reed, D. E., Massman, W. J., Clark, K., Hatfield, J., Prueger, J., Bracho, R., Baker, J. M., Martin, T. A. (2018) Temporal Dynamics Of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks, Geophysical Research Letters, 45(3), 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306
- Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302(6), 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2021.108350
- Curiel Yuste, J., Ma, S., Baldocchi, D. D. (2010) Plant-Soil Interactions And Acclimation To Temperature Of Microbial-Mediated Soil Respiration May Affect Predictions Of Soil CO2 Efflux, Biogeochemistry, 98(1-3), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10533-009-9381-1
- Dennis Baldocchi, Cove Sturtevant (2015) Does day and night sampling reduce spurious correlation between canopy photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration?, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 207(6), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2015.03.010
- Filippa, G, Cremonesea, E, Migliavacca M., Galvagno, M., Sonnentag, O., Humphrey, E., Hufkens,K., Ryu, Y. Verfaillie, J., Morra di Cella, U., Richardson, A. (2017) NDVI derived from near-infrared-enabled digital cameras: Applicability across different plant functional types, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 132(3), 135-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2017.11.003
- Fisher, J. B., Baldocchi, D. D., Misson, L., Dawson, T. E., Goldstein, A. H. (2007) What The Towers Don'T See At Night: Nocturnal Sap Flow In Trees And Shrubs At Two Ameriflux Sites In California, Tree Physiology, 27(4), 597-610. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/27.4.597
- Gu, L., Falge, E. M., Boden, T., Baldocchi, D. D., Black, T., Saleska, S. R., Suni, T., Verma, S. B., Vesala, T., Wofsy, S. C., Xu, L. (2005) Objective Threshold Determination For Nighttime Eddy Flux Filtering, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 128(3-4), 179-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2004.11.006
- Hibbard, K. A., Law, B. E., Reichstein, M., Sulzman, J. (2005) An Analysis Of Soil Respiration Across Northern Hemisphere Temperate Ecosystems, Biogeochemistry, 73(1), 29-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10533-004-2946-0
- Kim, J., Guo, Q., Baldocchi, D., Leclerc, M., Xu, L., Schmid, H. (2006) Upscaling Fluxes From Tower To Landscape: Overlaying Flux Footprints On High-Resolution (IKONOS) Images Of Vegetation Cover, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 136(3-4), 132-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2004.11.015
- Kobayashi, H., Baldocchi, D. D., Ryu, Y., Chen, Q., Ma, S., Osuna, J. L., Ustin, S. L. (2012) Modeling Energy And Carbon Fluxes In A Heterogeneous Oak Woodland: A Three-Dimensional Approach, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 152(1-2), 83-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2011.09.008
- Liu, Y., Hill, M. J., Zhang, X., Wang, Z., Richardson, A. D., Hufkens, K., Filippa, G., Baldocchi, D. D., Ma, S., Verfaillie, J., Schaaf, C. B. (2017) Using Data From Landsat, Modis, Viirs And Phenocams To Monitor The Phenology Of California Oak/Grass Savanna And Open Grassland Across Spatial Scales, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 237-238(3), 311-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2017.02.026
- Ma, S, Baldocchi, D.D., Wolf, S., Verfaillie, J. (2016) Slow ecosystem responses conditionally regulate annual carbon balance over 15 years in Californian oak-grass savanna, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 228-229(GB4002), 252-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2016.07.016
- Ma, S., Baldocchi, D. D., Mambelli, S., Dawson, T. E. (2011) Are Temporal Variations Of Leaf Traits Responsible For Seasonal And Inter-Annual Variability In Ecosystem CO2 Exchange?, Functional Ecology, 25(1), 258-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2435.2010.01779.X
- Ma, S., Baldocchi, D. D., Xu, L., Hehn, T. (2007) Inter-Annual Variability In Carbon Dioxide Exchange Of An Oak/Grass Savanna And Open Grassland In California, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 147(3-4), 157-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2007.07.008
- Ma, S., Eichelmann, E., Wolf, S., Rey-Sanchez, C., Baldocchi, D. D. (2020) Transpiration And Evaporation In A Californian Oak-Grass Savanna: Field Measurements And Partitioning Model Results, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 295(2), 108204. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2020.108204
- Ma, S., Osuna, J. L., Verfaillie, J., Baldocchi, D. D. (2017) Photosynthetic Responses To Temperature Across Leaf–Canopy–Ecosystem Scales: A 15-Year Study In A Californian Oak-Grass Savanna, Photosynthesis Research, 132(3), 277-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11120-017-0388-5
- Matheny, A. M., Bohrer, G., Stoy, P. C., Baker, I. T., Black, A. T., Desai, A. R., Dietze, M. C., Gough, C. M., Ivanov, V. Y., Jassal, R. S., Novick, K. A., Schäfer, K. V., Verbeeck, H. (2014) Characterizing The Diurnal Patterns of Errors in The Prediction of Evapotranspiration by Several Land-Surface Models: An Nacp Analysis, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 119(7), 1458-1473. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002623
- Miller, G. R., Chen, X., Rubin, Y., Ma, S., Baldocchi, D. D. (2010) Groundwater Uptake By Woody Vegetation In A Semiarid Oak Savanna, Water Resources Research, 46(10), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008902
- Novick, K. A., Ficklin, D. L., Stoy, P. C., Williams, C. A., Bohrer, G., Oishi, A., Papuga, S. A., Blanken, P. D., Noormets, A., Sulman, B. N., Scott, R. L., Wang, L., Phillips, R. P. (2016) The Increasing Importance Of Atmospheric Demand For Ecosystem Water And Carbon Fluxes, Nature Climate Change, 6(11), 1023-1027. https://doi.org/10.1038/NCLIMATE3114
- Novick, K. A., Konings, A. G., Gentine, P. (2019) Beyond Soil Water Potential: An Expanded View On Isohydricity Including Land–Atmosphere Interactions And Phenology, Plant, Cell & Environment, 42(6), 1802-1815. https://doi.org/10.1111/PCE.13517
- Raz-Yaseef, N., Koteen, L., Baldocchi, D. D. (2013) Coarse Root Distribution Of A Semi-Arid Oak Savanna Estimated With Ground Penetrating Radar, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 118(1), 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JG002160
- Ryu, Y., Nilson, T., Kobayashi, H., Sonnentag, O., Law, B. E., Baldocchi, D. D. (2010) On The Correct Estimation Of Effective Leaf Area Index: Does It Reveal Information On Clumping Effects?, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 150(3), 463-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2010.01.009
- Ryu, Y., Sonnentag, O., Nilson, T., Vargas, R., Kobayashi, H., Wenk, R., Baldocchi, D. D. (2010) How To Quantify Tree Leaf Area Index In An Open Savanna Ecosystem: A Multi-Instrument And Multi-Model Approach, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 150(1), 63-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2009.08.007
- Sadeghi, M., Tuller, M., Warrick, A. W., Babaeian, E., Parajuli, K., Gohardoust, M. R., Jones, S. B. (2019) An Analytical Model For Estimation of Land Surface Net Water Flux From Near-Surface Soil Moisture Observations, Journal of Hydrology, 570(6), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2018.12.038
- Sims, D. A., Rahman, A. F., Cordova, V. D., Baldocchi, D. D., Flanagan, L. B., Goldstein, A. H., Hollinger, D. Y., Misson, L., Monson, R. K., Schmid, H. P., Wofsy, S. C., Xu, L. (2005) Midday Values Of Gross CO2 Flux And Light Use Efficiency During Satellite Overpasses Can Be Used To Directly Estimate Eight-Day Mean Flux, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 131(1-2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2005.04.006
- Sullivan, R. C., Cook, D. R., Ghate, V. P., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Improved Spatiotemporal Representativeness And Bias Reduction Of Satellite-Based Evapotranspiration Retrievals Via Use Of In Situ Meteorology And Constrained Canopy Surface Resistance, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 124(2), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JG004744
- Sullivan, R. C., Kotamarthi, V. R., Feng, Y. (2019) Recovering Evapotranspiration Trends From Biased CMIP5 Simulations And Sensitivity To Changing Climate Over North America, Journal Of Hydrometeorology, 20(8), 1619-1633. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-18-0259.1
- Tang, J., Baldocchi, D. D. (2005) Spatial–Temporal Variation In Soil Respiration In An Oak–Grass Savanna Ecosystem In California And Its Partitioning Into Autotrophic And Heterotrophic Components, Biogeochemistry, 73(1), 183-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10533-004-5889-6
- Tang, J., Baldocchi, D. D., Qi, Y., Xu, L. (2003) Assessing Soil CO2 Efflux Using Continuous Measurements Of CO2 Profiles In Soils With Small Solid-State Sensors, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 118(3-4), 207-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00112-6
- Wang, J., X. M. Xiao, P. Wagle, S. Y. Ma, D. Baldocchi, A. Carrara, Y. Zhang, J. W. Dong, and Y. W. Qin. (2016) Canopy and climate controls of gross primary production of Mediterranean-type deciduous and evergreen oak savannas., Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 226(GB4002), 132-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2016.05.020
- Wharton, S., Ma, S., Baldocchi, D.D., Falk, M., Newman, J.F., Osuna, J.L, Bible, K. (2017) Influence of regional nighttime atmospheric regimes on canopy turbulence and gradients at a closed and open forest in mountain-valley terrain, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 237–238(6), 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2017.01.020
- Wolf, S., Keenan, T.F., Fisher, J.B., Baldocchi, D.D., Desai, A.R., Richardson, A.D., Scott, R.L., Law, B.E., Litvak, M.E., Brunsell, N.A., Peters, W., van der Laan-Luijkx, I.T. (2016) Warm spring reduced carbon cycle impact of the 2012 US summer drought, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(21), 5880-5885. https://doi.org/10.1073/PNAS.1519620113
- Xu, L., Baldocchi, D. D. (2003) Seasonal Trends In Photosynthetic Parameters And Stomatal Conductance Of Blue Oak (Quercus Douglasii) Under Prolonged Summer Drought And High Temperature, Tree Physiology, 23(13), 865-877. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/23.13.865
- Xu, L., Baldocchi, D. D., Tang, J. (2004) How Soil Moisture, Rain Pulses, And Growth Alter The Response Of Ecosystem Respiration To Temperature, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18(4), n/a-n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002281
- Xu, L., Baldocchi, D.D., Tang, J. (2004) How soil moisture, rain pulses, and growth alter the response of ecosystem respiration to temperature, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18(GB4002), 0-0. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002281
- Zhang, Q., Ficklin, D. L., Manzoni, S., Wang, L., Way, D., Phillips, R. P., Novick, K. A. (2019) Response Of Ecosystem Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency And Gross Primary Productivity To Rising Vapor Pressure Deficit, Environmental Research Letters, 14(7), 074023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/AB2603
Acknowledgments
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US-Ton: Tonzi Ranch
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