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CA-Obs: Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, Mature Black Spruce

Tower_team:
PI: Alan Barr [email protected] - University of Saskatchewan
PI: Andy Black [email protected] - University of British Columbia
PI: Warren Helgason [email protected] - University of Saskatchewan
DataManager: Bruce Johnson [email protected] - University of Saskatchewan
Technician: Cody David [email protected] - University of Saskatchewan
Lat, Long: 53.9872, -105.1178
Elevation(m): 628.94
Network Affiliations: AmeriFlux, Fluxnet-Canada, Phenocam
Vegetation IGBP: ENF (Evergreen Needleleaf Forests: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Almost all trees remain green all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.)
Climate Koeppen: Dfc (Subarctic: severe winter, no dry season, cool summer)
Mean Annual Temp (°C): 0.79
Mean Annual Precip. (mm): 405.6
Years Data Collected: 1999 - Present
Years Data Available:

FLUXNET2015 1997 - 2010   Data Citation
Description: 53.98717° N, 105.11779° W, elavation of 628.94 m, BOREAS 1994, 1996, BERMS climate measurements began Dec. 1996 and flux measurements in Apr. 1999
URL: https://water.usask.ca/berms/
Research Topics: —
Acknowledgment: —

CA-Obs: Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, Mature Black Spruce

Use the information below for citation of this site. See the Data Policy page for more details.

DOI(s) for citing CA-Obs data

Data Use Policy:

This site’s data can also be used under the more restrictive Tier 2 policy.
The Tier 2 Policy must be followed if CA-Obs data are combined with data from sites that require the Tier 2 Policy.

Publication(s) for citing site characterization

  • Barr, A., Richardson, A., Hollinger, D., Papale, D., Arain, M., Black, T., Bohrer, G., Dragoni, D., Fischer, M., Gu, L., Law, B., Margolis, H., McCaughey, J., Munger, J., Oechel, W., Schaeffer, K. (2013) Use Of Change-Point Detection For Friction–Velocity Threshold Evaluation In Eddy-Covariance Studies, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 171-172(5), 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2012.11.023
  • Bergeron, O., Margolis, H. A., Black, T. A., Coursolle, C., Dunn, A. L., Barr, A. G., Wofsy, S. C. (2007) Comparison Of Carbon Dioxide Fluxes Over Three Boreal Black Spruce Forests In Canada, Global Change Biology, 13(1), 89-107. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2486.2006.01281.X
  • Bisbee, K., Gower, S., Norman, J., Nordheim, E. (2001) Environmental Controls On Ground Cover Species Composition And Productivity In A Boreal Black Spruce Forest, Oecologia, 129(2), 261-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/S004420100719
  • Bond-Lamberty, B., Wang, C., Gower, S. T. (2004) A Global Relationship Between The Heterotrophic And Autotrophic Components Of Soil Respiration?, Global Change Biology, 10(10), 1756-1766. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2486.2004.00816.X
  • Brooks, J. R., Flanagan, L. B., Varney, G. T., Ehleringer, J. R. (1997) Vertical Gradients In Photosynthetic Gas Exchange Characteristics And Refixation Of Respired CO2 Within Boreal Forest Canopies, Tree Physiology, 17(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/17.1.1
  • Chen, J. M., Ju, W., Cihlar, J., Price, D., Liu, J., Chen, W., Pan, J., Black, A., Barr, A. (2003) Spatial Distribution Of Carbon Sources And Sinks In Canada's Forests, Tellus Series B-Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 55(2), 622-641. https://doi.org/10.1034/J.1600-0889.2003.00036.X
  • Chu, H., Baldocchi, D. D., Poindexter, C., Abraha, M., Desai, A. R., Bohrer, G., Arain, M. A., Griffis, T., Blanken, P. D., O'Halloran, T. L., Thomas, R. Q., Zhang, Q., Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Christian, D., Brown, S., Black, T. A., Gough, C. M., Law, B. E., Lee, X., Chen, J., Reed, D. E., Massman, W. J., Clark, K., Hatfield, J., Prueger, J., Bracho, R., Baker, J. M., Martin, T. A. (2018) Temporal Dynamics Of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks, Geophysical Research Letters, 45(1), 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306
  • Chu, H., Baldocchi, D. D., Poindexter, C., Abraha, M., Desai, A. R., Bohrer, G., Arain, M. A., Griffis, T., Blanken, P. D., O'Halloran, T. L., Thomas, R. Q., Zhang, Q., Burns, S. P., Frank, J. M., Christian, D., Brown, S., Black, T. A., Gough, C. M., Law, B. E., Lee, X., Chen, J., Reed, D. E., Massman, W. J., Clark, K., Hatfield, J., Prueger, J., Bracho, R., Baker, J. M., Martin, T. A. (2018) Temporal Dynamics Of Aerodynamic Canopy Height Derived From Eddy Covariance Momentum Flux Data Across North American Flux Networks, Geophysical Research Letters, 45(2), 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079306
  • Chu, H., Luo, X., Ouyang, Z., Chan, W. S., Dengel, S., Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Metzger, S., Kumar, J., Arain, M. A., Arkebauer, T. J., Baldocchi, D., Bernacchi, C., Billesbach, D., Black, T. A., Blanken, P. D., Bohrer, G., Bracho, R., Brown, S., Brunsell, N. A., Chen, J., Chen, X., Clark, K., Desai, A. R., Duman, T., Durden, D., Fares, S., Forbrich, I., Gamon, J. A., Gough, C. M., Griffis, T., Helbig, M., Hollinger, D., Humphreys, E., Ikawa, H., Iwata, H., Ju, Y., Knowles, J. F., Knox, S. H., Kobayashi, H., Kolb, T., Law, B., Lee, X., Litvak, M., Liu, H., Munger, J. W., Noormets, A., Novick, K., Oberbauer, S. F., Oechel, W., Oikawa, P., Papuga, S. A., Pendall, E., Prajapati, P., Prueger, J., Quinton, W. L., Richardson, A. D., Russell, E. S., Scott, R. L., Starr, G., Staebler, R., Stoy, P. C., Stuart-Haëntjens, E., Sonnentag, O., Sullivan, R. C., Suyker, A., Ueyama, M., Vargas, R., Wood, J. D., Zona, D. (2021) Representativeness Of Eddy-Covariance Flux Footprints For Areas Surrounding Ameriflux Sites, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 301-302(2), 108350. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2021.108350
  • Dennis Baldocchi, Cove Sturtevant (2015) Does day and night sampling reduce spurious correlation between canopy photosynthesis and ecosystem respiration?, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 207(1), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2015.03.010
  • Gastellu-Etchegorry, J., Guillevic, P., Zagolski, F., Demarez, V., Trichon, V., Deering, D., Leroy, M. (1999) Modeling BRFAnd Radiation Regime Of Boreal And Tropical Forests, Remote Sensing Of Environment, 68(3), 281-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(98)00119-9
  • GAUMONT-GUAY, D., BLACK, T. A., MCCAUGHEY, H., BARR, A. G., KRISHNAN, P., JASSAL, R. S., NESIC, Z. (2009) Soil Co2efflux In Contrasting Boreal Deciduous And Coniferous Stands And Its Contribution To The Ecosystem Carbon Balance, Global Change Biology, 15(5), 1302-1319. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2486.2008.01830.X
  • Gaumont-Guay, D., Black, T., Barr, A., Griffis, T., Jassal, R., Krishnan, P., Grant, N., Nesic, Z. (2014) Eight Years Of Forest-Floor Co2 Exchange In A Boreal Black Spruce Forest: Spatial Integration And Long-Term Temporal Trends, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 184(D9), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AGRFORMET.2013.08.010
  • Goulden, M. L., Crill, P. M. (1997) Automated Measurements Of CO2 Exchange At The Moss Surface Of A Black Spruce Forest, Tree Physiology, 17(8-9), 537-542. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/17.8-9.537
  • Goulden, M. L., Daube, B. C., Fan, S., Sutton, D. J., Bazzaz, A., Munger, J. W., Wofsy, S. C. (1997) Physiological Responses Of A Black Spruce Forest To Weather, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 102(D24), 28987-28996. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01111
  • Gower, S. T., Krankina, O., Olson, R. J., Apps, M., Linder, S., Wang, C. (2001) Net Primary Production And Carbon Allocation Patterns Of Boreal Forest Ecosystems, Ecological Applications, 11(5), 1395-1411. https://doi.org/10.2307/3060928
  • Griffis, T., Black, T., Morgenstern, K., Barr, A., Nesic, Z., Drewitt, G., Gaumont-Guay, D., McCaughey, J. (2003) Ecophysiological Controls On The Carbon Balances Of Three Southern Boreal Forests, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 117(1-2), 53-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(03)00023-6
  • Jarvis, P. G., Massheder, J. M., Hale, S. E., Moncrieff, J. B., Rayment, M., Scott, S. L. (1997) Seasonal Variation Of Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, And Energy Exchanges Of A Boreal Black Spruce Forest, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 102(D24), 28953-28966. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JD01176
  • Kimball, J. S., Thornton, P. E., White, M. A., Running, S. W. (1997) Simulating Forest Productivity And Surface-Atmosphere Carbon Exchange In The BOREAS Study Region, Tree Physiology, 17(8-9), 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/17.8-9.589
  • Krishnan, P., Black, T. A., Barr, A. G., Grant, N. J., Gaumont-Guay, D., Nesic, Z. (2008) Factors Controlling The Interannual Variability In The Carbon Balance Of A Southern Boreal Black Spruce Forest, Journal Of Geophysical Research, 113(D9), 9275–9287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008965
  • Kucharik, C. J., Norman, J. M., Gower, S. T. (1999) Characterization Of Radiation Regimes In Nonrandom Forest Canopies: Theory, Measurements, And A Simplified Modeling Approach, Tree Physiology, 19(11), 695-706. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/19.11.695
  • Lavigne, M. B., Ryan, M. G. (1997) Growth And Maintenance Respiration Rates Of Aspen, Black Spruce And Jack Pine Stems At Northern And Southern BOREAS Sites, Tree Physiology, 17(8-9), 543-551. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/17.8-9.543
  • Lerdau, M., Litvak, M., Palmer, P., Monson, R. (1997) Controls Over Monoterpene Emissions From Boreal Forest Conifers, Tree Physiology, 17(8-9), 563-569. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/17.8-9.563
  • Mahrt, L., Vickers, D. (2002) Relationship Of Area-Averaged Carbon Dioxide And Water Vapour Fluxes To Atmospheric Variables, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 112(3-4), 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(02)00079-5
  • Malhi, Y., Baldocchi, D. D., Jarvis, P. G. (1999) The Carbon Balance Of Tropical, Temperate And Boreal Forests, Plant, Cell And Environment, 22(6), 715-740. https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-3040.1999.00453.X
  • Margolis, H. A., Ryan, M. G. (1997) A Physiological Basis For Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions In The Boreal Forest: An Overview, Tree Physiology, 17(8-9), 491-499. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/17.8-9.491
  • Nakamura, R., Mahrt, L. (2001) Similarity Theory For Local And Spatially Averaged Momentum Fluxes, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 108(4), 265-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(01)00250-7
  • Nichol, C. J., Huemmrich, K. F., Black, T., Jarvis, P. G., Walthall, C. L., Grace, J., Hall, F. G. (2000) Remote Sensing Of Photosynthetic-Light-Use Efficiency Of Boreal Forest, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 101(2-3), 131-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(99)00167-7
  • O'Connell, K. E., Gower, S. T., Norman, J. M. (2003) Comparison Of Net Primary Production And Light-Use Dynamics Of Two Boreal Black Spruce Forest Communities, Ecosystems, 6(3), 236-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00021510
  • Pierrat, Z., Magney, T., Parazoo, N. C., Grossmann, K., Bowling, D. R., Seibt, U., Johnson, B., Helgason, W., Barr, A., Bortnik, J., Norton, A., Maguire, A., Frankenberg, C., Stutz, J. (2022) Diurnal And Seasonal Dynamics Of Solar‐Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Vegetation Indices, And Gross Primary Productivity In The Boreal Forest, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 127(2), 901-918. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006588
  • Pierrat, Z., Nehemy, M. F., Roy, A., Magney, T., Parazoo, N. C., Laroque, C., Pappas, C., Sonnentag, O., Grossmann, K., Bowling, D. R., Seibt, U., Ramirez, A., Johnson, B., Helgason, W., Barr, A., Stutz, J. (2021) Tower‐Based Remote Sensing Reveals Mechanisms Behind A Two‐Phased Spring Transition In A Mixed‐Species Boreal Forest, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 126(5), 566-584. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG006191
  • Pierrat, Z., Nehemy, M. F., Roy, A., Magney, T., Parazoo, N. C., Laroque, C., Pappas, C., Sonnentag, O., Grossmann, K., Bowling, D. R., Seibt, U., Ramirez, A., Johnson, B., Helgason, W., Barr, A., Stutz, J. (2021) Tower‐Based Remote Sensing Reveals Mechanisms Behind A Two‐Phased Spring Transition In A Mixed‐Species Boreal Forest, Journal Of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 126(5), 901-918. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG006191
  • Rayment, M. B., Jarvis, P. G. (1999) Seasonal Gas Exchange Of Black Spruce Using An Automatic Branch Bag System, Canadian Journal Of Forest Research, 29(10), 1528-1538. https://doi.org/10.1139/CJFR-29-10-1528
  • Rayment, M. B., Loustau, D., Jarvis, P. J. (2002) Photosynthesis And Respiration Of Black Spruce At Three Organizational Scales: Shoot, Branch And Canopy, Tree Physiology, 22(4), 219-229. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/22.4.219
  • Richardson, A. D., Anderson, R. S., Arain, M. A., Barr, A. G., Bohrer, G., Chen, G., Chen, J. M., Ciais, P., Davis, K. J., Desai, A. R., Dietze, M. C., Dragoni, D., Garrity, S. R., Gough, C. M., Grant, R., Hollinger, D. Y., Margolis, H. A., McCaughey, H., Migliavacca, M., Monson, R. K., Munger, J. W., Poulter, B., Raczka, B. M., Ricciuto, D. M., Sahoo, A. K., Schaefer, K., Tian, H., Vargas, R., Verbeeck, H., Xiao, J., Xue, Y. (2012) Terrestrial Biosphere Models Need Better Representation Of Vegetation Phenology: Results From The North American Carbon Program Site Synthesis, Global Change Biology, 18(2), 566-584. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2486.2011.02562.X
  • Roujean, J. (1999) Measurements Of PAR Transmittance Within Boreal Forest Stands During BOREAS, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 93(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(98)00110-5
  • Sandmeier, S., Deering, D. (1999) Structure Analysis And Classification Of Boreal Forests Using Airborne Hyperspectral BRDF Data From ASAS, Remote Sensing Of Environment, 69(3), 281-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(99)00032-2
  • Saugier, B., Granier, A., Pontailler, J. Y., Dufrene, E., Baldocchi, D. D. (1997) Transpiration Of A Boreal Pine Forest Measured By Branch Bag, Sap Flow And Micrometeorological Methods, Tree Physiology, 17(8-9), 511-519. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/17.8-9.511
  • Steele, S. J., Gower, S. T., Vogel, J. G., Norman, J. M. (1997) Root Mass, Net Primary Production And Turnover In Aspen, Jack Pine And Black Spruce Forests In Saskatchewan And Manitoba, Canada, Tree Physiology, 17(8-9), 577-587. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/17.8-9.577
  • Sullivan, J. H., Bovard, B. D., Middleton, E. M. (1997) Variability In Leaf-Level CO2 And Water Fluxes In Pinus Banksiana And Picea Mariana In Saskatchewan, Tree Physiology, 17(8-9), 553-561. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/17.8-9.553
  • Swanson, R. V., Flanagan, L. B. (2001) Environmental Regulation Of Carbon Dioxide Exchange At The Forest Floor In A Boreal Black Spruce Ecosystem, Agricultural And Forest Meteorology, 108(3), 165-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1923(01)00243-X
  • Turner, D. P., Urbanski, S., Bremer, D., Wofsy, S. C., Meyers, T., Gower, S. T., Gregory, M. (2003) A Cross-Biome Comparison Of Daily Light Use Efficiency For Gross Primary Production, Global Change Biology, 9(3), 383-395. https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-2486.2003.00573.X
  • Whitehead, D., Gower, S. T. (2001) Photosynthesis And Light-Use Efficiency By Plants In A Canadian Boreal Forest Ecosystem, Tree Physiology, 21(12-13), 925-929. https://doi.org/10.1093/TREEPHYS/21.12-13.925
  • Xu, B., Arain, M. A., Black, T. A., Law, B. E., Pastorello, G. Z., Chu, H. (2020) Seasonal Variability Of Forest Sensitivity To Heat And Drought Stresses: A Synthesis Based On Carbon Fluxes From North American Forest Ecosystems, Global Change Biology, 26(2), 901-918. https://doi.org/10.1111/GCB.14843

Acknowledgments

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CA-Obs: Saskatchewan - Western Boreal, Mature Black Spruce

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